Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Earnings Misstatements Research Paper

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Earnings Misstatements - question Paper ExampleThe Fraud This section describes the business activities of Fannie and Freddie before the fraud occurred. Since the 1990s, lenders have been increasingly apply automated underwriting systems (AUSs), a technology that changed the mortgage industry (DiVenti, 2009, p.236). These systems executed underwriting criteria and statistical algorithms to foresee the default likelihood of loan applications (DiVenti, 2009, p.236). GSEs became industry leaders in the growth and adoption of these systems, which they used to appraise their loan purchases. Fannie Maes system, Desktop Underwriter, and Freddie Macs system, Loan Prospector, significantly decreased the expenses and time linked with loan approvals (DiVenti, 2009, p.236). In 2000, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac broadened their procurements to comprise Alt-A, A-minus, and subprime mortgages, aside from private-label mortgage securities (Blackburn & Vermilyea, 2010, p.5) . In order to expand their mortgage purchases, Fannie Mae used the spread out Approval system and Freddie Mac enlarged its Loan Prospector system to contain risk-based pricing (DiVenti, 2009, p.236). ... ly, Fannie and Freddie bought, packaged, securitized, and re-traded residential mortgages into mortgage-backed securities, with an authorisation that the principal and interest payments would be paid to investors, thus, making a profit from the disparity between the gross revenue price of the mortgage-backed securities and their first cost of funding (Bonander, 2013, p.843). Since 2004, Fannie and Freddie abandoned their stern underwriting standards and started to purchase and guarantee subprime mortgages, while besides investing in subprime-mortgage-backed securities (Bonander, 2013, p.844). They bought more than $434 one million million million of subprime mortgages from 2004 to 2006 (Bonander, 2013, p.844). Their greatest purchase occurred from 2004 to 2005, when altogether t hey bought $175 billion (44% of the market) and $169 billion (33% of the market) of subprime-mortgage-backed securities, respectively (Bonander, 2013, p.844). In 2006, lax standards and actions affected Fannie and Freddie, when the housing bubble burst, thereby pushing them to insolvency (Bonander, 2013, p.844). The problems of Fannie and Freddie are not over yet though. In 2003, Freddie revealed that it used unacceptable accounting practices to inflate its earnings. The Office of Federal hold Enterprise (OFHEO), its regulator during this time, spy that the company had misstated earnings by $5 billion between 2000 and 2003 (DiVenti, 2009, p.237). Freddie underreported its earnings, however, which is the interest part of the fraud (DiVenti, 2009, p.237). The OFHEO investigated Fannie Mae too, where it learned in 2004 that Fannie overstated earnings between 2000 and 2003 by $6.3 billion (DiVenti, 2009, p.237). OFHEO discovered significant accounting, disclosure, and management conce rns that

The Iconic image of Mao hangs at the Tiananmen Square and Its Futher Essay

The Iconic image of monoamine oxidase hangs at the Tiananmen straightforward and Its Futher Implications - Essay ExampleFurther, the face of China today was an entirely different one before. The penetration of the imperialists deteriorated the stinting situation of the country. Political disloyalty and fraud emerged as corruption began to have an effect when the British East India connection earned massive revenues by co-operating with Chinas corrupt public officers. The Japanese people move to take control of the nation by its Twenty-One Demand that gained severe protests. Mao Tse-Tung or close popularly k at a timen as Mao Zedong was one of the young intellectuals who set off the pioneering work of establishing the outset Marxism study cluster that aimed to integrate the theories and principles of Marx in the political system of China. In 1921, he co-founded the Chinese communistic Party (CCP), which, together with the Kuomintang (KMT), battled against the guerrilla attract ions and warlords who ruled lots of Northern China. The Students Last Name 2 Chinese Communist Party (CCP) under the leadership of Mao Zedong eventually took spearhead and control all over the entire nation on a completely different path. A Short Biography of Mao Zedong and His Contributions to the Political Scheme of China Mao Zedong was the leading and primary Chinese communist chairman and leader of the 20th century and the antique forefather of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. He was born on December 26, 1893, and was raised in a peasant family in a small village of Shaoshan, Hunan commonwealth of China. He was a stubborn rebel of his fathers unusually strict disciplinary authority. He was initially introduced to subjects ilk the Chinese history, literature and philosophy but was also opened up to the thoughts and philosophies of progressive Confucian activists that is to say Kyang Yu-Wei. Mao moved to Changsa - the capital of the province - where he shortly w orked as a combatant of the republican army that defeated the Qing Dynasty in 1911 revolutionary action. During his stay in Changsa, he studied various topics of the occidental civilizations including Western Philosophy and was likewise immensely motivated by several liberal newspapers and journalistic printed materials including the tonic Youth, established by the radical lead Chen Duxiu. In 1918, after completing his studies from the Hunan Teachers College, he voyaged to Peking, now Beijing, and got hold of a job in the Peking University Library under the supervision of Li Dazhao - the chief librarian of the university. Li was highly involved with the study of Marxism and eventually, Mao joined the study group and together they delved into the political and social philosophy of Marxism and in the long run became a keen ratifier of bolshie writings. Mao printed and circulated articles picking holes with the outdated, old-style standards Students Last Name 3 of Confucianism. The circulation occurred during the May Fourth Movement of 1919 where scholars, learners and thinkers were convened for the eventual innovation and innovation of China. Mao emphasized the substantial weight of physical power and mental determination in the fight against custom. In the year 1921, Mao co-founded the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Albeit he was an avid reader of Marxist writings, he geographically tilted a bit from Marxism when he sensed that in an Asiatic civilization, communists had to give more focus on the rural areas or the countryside instead of giving so oftentimes attention to the urban towns. In actual fact,

Contract Disputes Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

sustain Disputes - Term Paper ExampleI will instal an example of a contract dispute that occurred amongst the Government Printing Office (GPO) and Microform data Systems, Inc. between 1980 and 1981. In a letter written by the Acting Controller General of the United States to Mr. McClosky, hearth of Representatives in Microform info Systems, he explained the correspondence made by Microform Data Systems, Inc. for their contract appeals and dissatisfaction with the processes and composition of GPO wit. Microform Data Systems, Inc was not happy at all by the measures taken by the GPO plug-in in dealing with their Contract dispute and claims concerning a business contract between the two associates (Government Operations Contract Dispute Involving Government Printing Office, 1981). The facts about the Contract Dispute Involving Government Printing Office and Microform Data Systems The statement from the acting controller General clearly indicated that Microform criticized a coupl e of actions taken by GPO board against their company. They claimed that the administration of the GPO was too harsh by handing over their contract dispute to a new board to rehear. They expressed their concern that the GPO board in question is not a full time workings board characterized by unqualified staff members and lack of consistency. Microform Company was not amused about this step taken by GPO administration. The question in their mind was that, how can a new board, handle a case like that without the prior knowledge and deeper understanding of what they were claiming. Microform believed that the act used by GPO administration to depute their contract issue is not a direct application required by legislative kickoff agencies. The controller General office directly disagrees with Microform claim about a contractor shopping presently after receiving an administrative ruling from the board. Microform required the GPO Board to satisfy a Contract Disputes they claimed in the number 1 matter (Government Operations Contract Dispute Involving Government Printing Office, 1981).

-Outline and explain the relations between senders and receivers of Essay

-Outline and explain the coincidences between senders and receivers of communicating, focusing on how marrows are - Essay ExampleCommunication is said to be complete when immediate feedback of the message is authentic involving matters speech, body language, emotions and gestures. This process involves at least two persons and it starts when one individual intends to pass a message to another person. Communication starts with crafting of images and ideas in the mind of a person who wants to send the message. This toilet be a feeling, an idea or even a concept. This recess of the communication process is in reflection (Guffey et al., 2013). In order to pass this message to another person, the individual intending to pass the message must be able-bodied to translate the crafted images into signs that the intended person of the message will be able to interpret and understand. Signs in communication can be words, sounds and sense, and this is the only way the images in the mind ca n be expressed in the form of symbolizeingful ideas and passed on to another person. This process is referred to as encryption. Upon encoding the message, it is expected to be patrimonial to the person intended, and that is the recipient (Lehman et al., 2011). Transmission of the message can be done in various ways, for example, orally, and this whitethorn include one-on-one verbal interaction and use of telephone. The message can also be contagious through non-verbal means, and this can be done through short messages services, newspapers and letters. Another form of medium includes optic media finally, the process in which the recipient translates the symbols or wording into such information that he or she can understand is called decoding. Diagrammatic representation of communication process Medium Medium From the diagram above, we can light upon the process involved in communication right from its initial stage until it reaches the intended audience, i.e. the receiver. The l etter X represents encoder while the letter Y represents decoder. This model represents communication process from the person sending to the person receiving it (Barker, 2010). The relation between Encoder-decoder At this time, the message is interpreted as having a nonfigurative reality which encoding shapes into an positive form that can be conveyed. Decoding has the capacity to reinstate it to its inventive nonfigurative meaning. The two terms, encoding and decoding, mean that text is made up of a number of codes resulting from another text (Wood, 2003). To deliver a message effectively, the sender and the receiver need to take care of Maintenance of eye contact to extend message flow and interest in the information it shows utmost attention and increases the likelihood that feedback will be received in the communication process. It also gives the urge to continue with the communication interaction in a bid to pass information consequently with the right encoding and decoding. Facial expressions, for example, in smiling, while conversing would mean an acceptance of the message by the receiver and vice versa if the recipient has, for instance, a sad face. Gestures should be part and parcel of communication for example, if the sender is throwing her or his hand with a message like Go aside this should indicate a situation in which the recipient is not needed in that particular place. Proximity, i.e. reasonable distance between the sender and the recipient as regards the channel used. Body language and/or posture, for example, dip towards the sender, gives a connotation that the

The current climate of financial constraints will have a dramatic Essay

The current climate of financial constraints willing have a dramatic impact on investigating crime Examine this assertion - testify ExampleThe recession has affected every segment of society especially the working class. When people are without work for a prolonged period of time, even honest citizens sometimes turn to crime to earnings their bills mostly in urban areas. In such situations, the resources of the crime prevention agencies are usually focussed on serious or violent crimes, and they usually ignore lesser offences such as burglaries due the scarcity of manpower and other resources such as cars for patrolling, or even clerical strength for register in report or preparing the paperwork to present the cases for court proceedings. In the absence of police force personnel on the streets, minor arguments may escalate to shootouts or stabbings because the presence of police usually acts as a stay and prevents the situation from escalating. Other crimes such as auto thef ts, shoplifting, provoked and aggravated assault, property crime, gang wars, murders, interior(prenominal) battery, aggravated burglary, fraud, rape and kidnapping all are on the increase due to the cutbacks in police budgets. Besides having an adequate number of personnel, other things that are essential for effective policing are vehicles, monitoring and trailing equipment (Moro, 2012). Computer systems for maintaining records and other paperwork. Funds are also needed to hire additional civilian personnel on a temporary basis or to pay off informants who are an essential reference of any police network. The police department needs forensics laboratories, equipment and chemicals and qualified staff to man these laboratories. Then as well offenders who are apprehended need facilities such as beds in the lock ups and prisons, before they are released on bail, or if they are not released on bail they do require other facilities such as food, medicine and police personnel for keepin g a watch over these prisoners so that they do not riot and kill each

Lab experiment - microwave assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Lab experiment - atom-bomb concession - Essay ExampleThe source of the augur that the dodging uses is termed as the Gunn Oscillator, which is at a signal of 10.5 GHz. the maximum output power that is recommended for the frequency ranges between 20 Mw to 10 Mw, and the recommended range may straggle from time to time in different Gunn Oscillators. The output power may as well be varied by varying the voltage supplied that is received by the Gunn Oscillator via the unit cable attached to it (Campanella 2010).The tog up consists of an adjuster, which helps to regulate the level of the power at the microwave point of input and in making of the measurements of the attenuator. This assignment makes use of the side-vane attenuator that uses the fiberglasses that are plastic in nature having resistive coatings in order to achieve the require attenuation. The fiberglasses are erected vertically with respect to the wave-guide and to the short walls in a parallel manner. The position of the blades on the wave-guide dictates the resulting attenuation of the whole system. Each attenuator is calibrated separately due to differences in the attenuation characteristics.Wave-guide support is a system comp mavinnt that acts as a stand and helps in the system stability. The system supports are in parts, one of the supports is the system base while the other is the plastic piece that is attached to the pole end. Wave-guides can be connected to the support by placing it gently onto the plastic piece of the system located on the rod top. The height of the system support is adjustable with the help of setscrews located on the base of the system.For the sake of this assignment, cross-guide couplers were apply which consist of two- waveguides that are joined to one another at an angle of 90 degrees. Signals of the microwave that propagates from waveguide couples with microwave signals and finally dictates the coupled signal propagation. Two openings are recommended on the walls . These openings should be

Symbol of American Culture - Uncle Sam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Symbol of American Culture - Uncle surface-to-air missile - Essay ExampleHistory dates the American war with England in the north to 1812. surface-to-air missileuel Wilson was given the tender to view and supply American soldiers during the war with meat. He was a renowned meat and pork packer, inspector and distributor in New York. The fall in States brass transported the meat bearing U.S on the barrels since the soldiers knew that the meat was from the government but inspected by surface-to-air missileuel, they started to refer to the meat as Uncle surface-to-air missiles. A year later this refer was adopted by the populations as the unofficial name for the united States federal government (Swosugrad09 and Miller, pg.4-6). Several former(a) government properties that passed through Samuel for inspection were marked U.S, making the people in the country assume that Uncle Sam was the government. There was a need to give Uncle Sam a figure to aid in his symbolisation top the Ame rican people. Designers started to create their own images of Uncle Sam for drawings, banners and newspapers. Moreover, recruitment process for the American army for the basic World War, created an avenue where Uncle Sam was personified. The drawing showed a man with a stern face, clad in a blue coat, albumin shirt and a hat with stars on it. This was a representation of the American flag which had blue, white and red with 49 stars in it. The man was drawn with a pointed finger with monumental captioned words beneath it, making it talk to people. ... In the move by congress to improve the p directge of the country and its people, the congress sought to use cameras and computers in the residents houses to monitor any auspices threats. Newspapers columnists who were opposed to the move wrote articles and referred to the government as Uncle Sam keeping an eye on his people. This concludes all that Uncle Sam does is a symbol not to represent the people, but the government itself. V ariations in government actions have led to deviation in the representation of Uncle Sam to the people. When a positive gesture is done or achieved by the government, Uncle Sam is dressed in United States symbolic colors representing his good will for citizens. When the government makes policies that the citizens ascertain go against their wishes, he is represented in drawings clad in plain clothes indicating it is against wishes of the American citizens. Uncle Sam also has had greater acceptance with his symbolization of patriotism. He was made famous in two periods where the American citizens were in need of a father figure. His influence during the war in 1812 and later his presence that actuate the Americans in the First World War proved his call for patriotism. Moreover, with the current changes that have undergone in the United States, Uncle Sam figure has not lacked some criticism. First, with the increase in the minority presence in the United States population, the figure is seen not to adequately represent them. Uncle Sam evolved when American was mainly made up of the white population. Additionally, with the current changes in demography and increase in minority groups in the countrys huge population, Uncle Sam may lose some of his prominence among the people. The minority population may demand the

Poem Imagery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Poem Imagery - Essay showcaseBy personifying nature as a crowd the poet is escaping his solitude. The poet goes on to give human characteristics to the daffodils by describing them as dancing in the breeze. The following lines give the reader the sense that the poet is going even get on into his curing of loneliness by personifying nature as he assimilates the daffodils with starscontinuous as the stars that shine. He was just comparing himself to a cloud and a few lines later, the poet compares the daffodils to stars, also a celestial object. He is identifying with the daffodils.His personification of the daffodils continues in the line tossing their heads in sprightly dance. By giving the daffodils human characteristics, he is able to find comfort in their presence thus emphasizing his loneliness from the beginning, even more so. In hindsight, he is claiming to not have realized the beauty or the importance of this moment in time as he goes on to sayI gazed- and gazed but -littl e thought, What wealth the show to me had brought. He continues with this tense of remembering by saying for off when on my couch I lie, in unemployed or in pensive mood, they flash upon that inward eye, that is the bliss of solitude.

Apple Computer Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Apple Computer Culture - Essay ExampleThe positive feature of Apple is that it uses sluttish communication method which helps it to achieve the goals. It helps to provide satisfaction of members social needs, and a sense of individualised identity operator and belonging. This type of communication provides additional channels of communication and provides a means of motivation, for example, by means of status, social interaction, diverseness in routine jobs, and informal methods of conk out. Informal type of communication provides a feeling of stability and security, and through informal norms of behaviour can exercise a form of control everywhere members. The informal orgasm to management meant that influence was a primary way ofThe cul de sacture and structure of Apple develop over time and in response to a complex set of factors. Employees expressed great concerns about both(prenominal) Apples management and its working environment. Many felt that executive management di d not have a trenchant business direction, and that they did not keep employees adequately informed (Gibbs, Beer, 1991). Apple management team did not take into depend that the genius of the business and its primary function have an important influence on its culture.Usually large organizations analogous Apple have more formalised structures and cultures. Increased size is likely to result in carve up departments and possibly split site operations. Nevertheless, this created a problem for Apples old employees who felt that, There is not as much chance to talk at Apple now. There is less passion or personal commitment. Hotlinks keeps Apple people passionate. (Gibbs, Beer, 1991). This caused difficulties in communication and inter-departmental rivalries with the need for effective co-ordination. A rapid expansion, or decline, in size and rate of growth, and resultant changes in staffing will influence structure and culture. Unfortunately, Apple management did nix to improve this situation because information through Hotlinks went round them, and they need managerial shift from control to background (Gibbs, Beer, 1991).It is important to note that Apple encouraged individualism. Individuals in the organisation are not point at all times by the primary goals of the organisation. On the other hand, Apple culture is establish on a team work people in Apple valued teamworkand liked to work in teams (Gibbs, Beer, 1991). Goals and objectives pursues profitability, but this is not by itself very clear for its effective management. Apple must reach attention to objectives in all key areas of its operations. The combination of objectives and resultant strategies influence culture, and may themselves be influenced by changes in culture. The problem is Apple is that employees have to complete immediate objectives. It means that the main focus is make on to get the job done than to get it right (Gibbs, Beer, 1991). The primary function of Apple determines the nature of the technological processes and methods of undertaking work, which in turn also affect structure and culture. Employees doe not admit long-term strategies which prevent them from effective performance. In order to be effective Apple tries to be reactive to external environmental influences. Apple operates within a dynamic environment and it requires a structure and cul

Investment in single company shares and gilts Coursework

Investment in single club sh atomic number 18s and gilts - Coursework ExampleFrom the purport of view of economics, the act of enthronization is related to saving or deferring consumption today for the purpose of a better or higher return tomorrow. Interest is the price paid to the investor for waiting or deferring consumption. As consumers, we may invest for a number of reasons. We may invest in a house because we hope the comfort of a shelter and a place to deal our belongings, a car to drive us to work, or a beach house to spend the holidays. Investments ar also do in m whiztary instruments that have value such as shares, bonds and pension plans. The idea is that the investment should bring us a better level of return in the future. Investments may also be made by corporations of monies kept for the purpose of buying future assets or replacement of machinery etc. The investment made in unlike types of financial instruments will yield a rate of interest and may increase or mitigate in value due to demand and supply or various other factors. Thus investment will give one more than one types of return- interest earned and capital gains. The Investment mode in the UK The UK has a very active financial environment, as London has been one of the most Copernican financial centers of the world for some time now. The main reasons for this are the availability of infrastructure in the design of the equity and bond commercializes and money market for local and foreign currencies. The main offices of the Bank of England, the UKs underlying bank and many other local and international banks are housed here too, much like surround Street in New York, USA (Kindleberger, 17). There are thousands of trades done daily on the floors of these banks and exchanges. These trades are directly or indirectly related to trade and commerce and the flow of goods, services and money from one bank or country to another (Ross, 12). The activities in the equity and bond marke ts may be of chief(a) or secondary nature. Primary use means the issue of new shares or bonds, and secondary activity means the trading or reinvestment of previously issued shares or bonds. Under the corporate form of ownership, a company can raise capital from the general public by issuing a Prospectus in the newspaper stating the nature of its intended business, and viability and profitability of the same. It is left up to the general public to judge and check for themselves whether or not to invest in the shares or ownership rights of the business. This is called an Initial Public Offering or IPO if the company is inviting the public to purchase its shares for the very first time. The same activity may be carried out in the bond market which is the market for the issue and trading of debt securities. Bonds signify the debt of a company, and the owners of bonds are called the creditors of the company. Previously issue bonds can also be re-bought or resold at the rates prevailin g in the market. Bond and equity markets always travel in the opposite directions. If the equity market is up, the bond market would be down and vice versa (Thau, 3). While the owners of bonds, debentures or debt securities are assured an interest payment at a defined rate of interest, and the price of the market value of their bonds at any time they steady down to liquidate their holdings, the owners of equity shares will get a dividend payment based upon the number and value of shares they hold at that point in time. This is usually nursed by the Board of Directors based upon the profits made by the company in a particular year. They are under no obligation to declare a dividend and may alternatively decide to plough back the profits into the company, to reinvest in

Interview on understanding and evaluating effectively another's Assignment

discourse on understanding and evaluating effectively anothers beliefs - Assignment ExampleThe consultation was conducted with the intention to comprehend as sanitary as to evaluate his belief in context to some of the mostly debated philosophical questions often discussed at bottom my circle of friends. I correspondingly determined the philosophical domain for the interview, with respect to evaluating the responses of the interviewee, to be truth/logic. The interview was conducted in a coffee shop because the place would be neutral for me as an interviewer and my friend as an interviewee. I put considerable significance to ensure that the interview was conducted in the morning, as it would be the judgment of conviction when the interviewee was in a fresh state of mind, which would further ensure reliable responses. The discussion of the interview was more(prenominal) in casual way than formal. This further ensured that the interviewee does not hesitate while responding to the questions asked and could respond freely. Moreover, it would also be vital to mention that the interview was conducted following both verbal and non-verbal communication. This ensured that both the interviewer and the interviewee could get a encyclopedic understanding closely each others questions and responses. Correspondingly, the questions I asked and the responses I could obtain from the interviewee have been provided hereunder. Q.1. Interviewer- What biography means to you? Interviewee- For me, the consequence of life is what one gives to him/her own-self. For me, the content of life is setting goals for myself and achieving the same, maintaining relationships in a responsible for(p) manner and living with principles. Q.2. Interviewer- Is there life after death? Interviewee- Nothing in this world is immortal. counterbalance scientists say that universe once created, will also end at a certain express of time. So, I believe that if our life has been created and if we ar e mortal, life will end after death. Q.3. Interviewee- If God is present, wherefore do we suffer? Interviewer- I believe, in order to appreciate the good, we need to face the evil or the challenges. So, God ensures certain sufferings for us in order to make us realize about the sizeableness of being good. Q.4. Interviewer- How do you decide between what is right and what is wrong? Interviewee- I believe what is right or wrong to me might not be the same for the others. I believe I decide on right or wrong on the basis of morality rather than logic. (West Minister Collage, 2013 Klempner, 2003) 2.0. Analysis and evaluation The above responses of the interviewee clearly depict certain aspects of his beliefs regarding some of the commonly argued upon philosophical questions. The first response of the interviewee, with regard to the question of meaning of life, clearly depicts his views related to his perceptions towards leading a prosperous life. He depicted that meaning of life is s imilar to what one sets for him/her. This particular belief revealed through his response correlates with the science of reasoning in truth/logic. The interviewee also portrayed his objectives and goals in life and his inclination to live with principles, as the ultimate meaning of living. This statement clearly depicts his law of thought about life. In this regard, he presented that there is no line up or false way of leading a life rather, it is just what one believes to be withdraw for him/her (Cowan and Spiegel, 2009). The response of the interviewee with the regard to the question of life after death, the interviewee was observed to be thinking straight forwardly about the scenario. His response to

Nuclear Power Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nuclear Power - Research radical ExampleThe usage of various kinds of natural resources for various purposes which includes the power generation and transportation means, have contributed towards the world(a) warming in a right smart amount. With global warming clouds looming over the modern solar day company there is a need for an environment friendly skill generation source, nuclear power fixs fag end be considered as the appropriate alternative that can help the environment in a considerable amount. Alternatives are being thought of to minimize the occludeages to the environment. Nuclear power plants are thought to be safe in this regard and provide a better option as an alternative of energy source against various other sources of energy. Besides the environmental aspect, hydro powers demand a pre installed infrastructure in recoil of dams and canals and rivers in the line. Large amount of capital needs to be invested in case of a m plus mega watt power generator source . The construction costs are a debatable be intimate at times, and more often it takes considerable amount of time constructing a stupendous scale dam which can meet the requirements of a large segment of population. The irrigation means have to be brought into action to pass on a chain of flow of water from various rivers into the dam and reservoirs. Nuclear power plants are functional in many parts of the world and are producing electricity on large level and fulfilling the requirements that would otherwise be met by the sources which are fewer environments friendly. Another advantage of it is the readiness with which it can be prepared. opposed dams, it does not need a massive infrastructure establishment. Nuclear sources of energy production do not pose any direct threat to the environment however, they have their own considerations to be taken into account. though they do not result in direct damages to eco system, the carbon dioxide concern is buried to large extent sinc e it does not result in direct carbon dioxide emission, however they are little good to handle and failure can result in catastrophes. Many incidents have come to forefront where the nuclear power plants have gone wild and resulted in total devastation. The damages so incurred are farther intensive than any other source of energy generation. Japan came across the worst form of reply from nuclear power plants in recent times, when tsunami struck its cities and resulted in leakage of Fukushima Nuclear power plant in March 2011 and it resulted in melting of layers and hence leakage of radioactive material on a massive scale. This resulted in large scale evacuation of the locals from the neighborhood of the nuclear site (Bryan, Sutton, & Centorino, 2011). Another analogous incident took place in late 20th century in former U.S.S.R and present day Ukraine in the Chernobyl Nuclear power plant. It resulted in large amount of human life loss and more or less 30 people died because of this incident. Later on the improper design of the power plant was termed as the creator for its destruction. Besides its direct implications, large number of skin diseases and various other dysfunctional syndromes were reported in the area (Agranovski, 2011). Considerations need to be taken in to account when it comes to the wastes disposition. The wastes should be properly handled and should not be exposed to outside elements in the environment since the nuclear reactor material are mostly radio active in nature and can impact not just

Assignment 13 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

13 - Assignment Exampleare different in employment of labor where in some organizations, workers have the freedom to choose what they want to do while in others, duties are assigned to employees.However, many inequalities that ascend from the nature of the employment, as identified by, Adam Smith need to be addressed to create conformity in the work place. These principal counter balances in some employment while in others, it is a gain. The first principal, the pay of labour vary with the hardship, the cleanliness, the honorableness of the employment. Those who carry out heavy duties earn to a greater extent(prenominal) that those who undertake light duties. Additionally, dirtier work tends to fetch more wages than the clean ones and exposure to unsafe or dangerous environment (Smith and Dickey, 1993). The employees in dishonorable employment may take home more wages than those in the honorable employment because it takes patience and courage to carry out the duties however, thi s is not always the sequel in all employment. This also applies in the cyberspaces of stock the bigger the stock the more the profit it earns.Secondly, the wages of labour vary with the easiness and cheapness, or the difficulty and expense of filling the business. If an employment requires a skilled person who have taken enough time to learn about it and used dear(predicate) resources, the level of wages must be high. This is because time consumed in training is great and not mediocre anyone who can perform the duties especially the specialized ones be it technical or technological. Skilled labour fetches more wages and as one upgrade the position is left vacant for another to join and learn as the latter continues with his/her training under the master just like it is in Europe (Smith and Dickey). ease and cheapness hardly affect the stock of profit because for any business to do well, a lot of effort must be employed.Thirdly, the wages of labour in different occupations var y with the constancy or inconstancy of employment. Employment varies

Theoretical limitations of the CAPM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Theoretical limitations of the CAPM - Essay Exampled deviation of the checks on security I, E(RM) denotes the expected return on the market portfolio o (RM) denotes the standard deviation of the returns on the market portfolio and RF denotes the insecurity-free consider of return. A) Calculate (beta) for each of the following i) Security A Beta = 0.1-0.04 0.2- 0.04 = 0.06/0.16 =0.375 ii) Security B Beta = 0.1-0.04 0.7-0.04 =0.0457 b. check to the Capital Asset Pricing place (CAPM), what are the expected returns for securities of A and B? We use the CAPM compare Ki = Krf + bi(Km - Krf) Where Ki = the required return for the individual security Krf = the risk-free rate of return bi = the beta of the individual security Km = the expected return on the market portfolio (Km - Krf) is called the market risk premium KA = 0.04 + 0.375 (0.3) = 0.1525 For B KB =0.04 + 0.0457 (0.7) = 0.07199 c) Write down an expression for the security market line. score a sketch of the security market l ine, and indicate the positions of securities A and B on this line. Explain briefly how you would understand the security market line Ki = Krf + bi(Km - Krf) Ki = 0.004 +0.375 (0.3) Ki = Krf + bi(Km - Krf) Ki = 0.004 +0.375 (0.7) E(Ri) B Undervalued Overvalued RM 0.5A 0 1 The assets above are undervalued because they reflect a high return. d. Write down expressions for the characteristic lines for securities A and B. Draw sketches of the characteristic lines for securities A and B. Explain briefly how you would interpret the characteristic lines. E(Ri) B Undervalued Overvalued RM 0.5A 0 1 3. This point refers to Figure 1. a) In the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), what are the values of ((betai) for securities A, B and C? A= 0.06 B= 0.08 C= 0.10 b) What are residual variances for securities A, B and C A=0.7 B= 0.6 C= 0.8 c) With reference to... Due to the market portfolios nature of diverse investment fundss opportunities, which in some cases are not observable, investors, use stock indexes as a proxy. This leads to inaccurate inferences about the soundness of CAPM. According to, CAPM assumes that, only cardinal dates exists for an investor to undertake transactions such that, no extra time left to re-balance and use portfolios repeatedly. Moreover, it is normal that, diversification cannot remove systematic risk proceeds on all securities attributed to the market portfolio proceeds. This is a pure line of merchandise to the CAPMs assumption that investors should consider systematic risks because they can be eliminated through diversification. In conclusion, the extent of CAPM models limitations are bound on three primary medical prognosiss, which include the investors preferences on investment portfolios and investment aptitudes in relation to the investment outlay, which influences decision making on the type of investment to be considered. Secondly, the aspect of diversification Diversification does not remove systematic risk returns on all securit ies attributed to market portfolio return. This is in contrast with the CAPMs assumption that investors should consider systematic risks because diversification can purge them.

What Causes an Economic Downturn Literature review

What Causes an Economic Downturn - Literature appraise ExampleGrowth of the Housing Bubble The year 2006 has seen a number of people refinancing their properties to be fitting to pay lower interest rates. The customers have also been noted to have taken out a second mortgage as well. These were steps taken by the house owners to extract as oftentimes money as possible. This however has move to the increasing the housing bubble and leading the house prices to decrease. at a time this hit the country, the borrowers were not able to pay for the interest rates and neither were they able to refinance the homes. This lead the borrowers to default and lead to foreclosures from the banks due to delinquency (Smith, 2009).Sub Prime Lending Subprime change basically refers to lending to people with higher risks, i.e. with low credit ratings. Post the IT bubble burst in 2000 the fed had reduced the interest rates, and also agreed to provide gives to people with low credit ratings (even b elow 620). Post the borrowers receiving the loan amounts, and with the lowered interest rates, there was a sudden hike in the prices of the real estates of the company. This lead to the borrowers to be able to borrow even more. This extra borrowing became a burden for the subprime borrowers and the number of defaulters had grown to a great extent (Waring, 2007).Banking Sector Issues Shadow Banking systems is referred to when non bank financial institutes provide for loans to businesses to operate. With the increasing Shadow Banking carcass in the country, the NY Federal Reserve Bank placed a freeze on the funds. This led to major(ip) companies needing to sell off the long-term assets at much lower prices to be able to meet up to the short-term loan payments. This left the system completely shaken up and also left a huge damage on the regular banking systems and the credit cycles.A combined effect of all the supra factors together has led the country to move into complete recession . As far as even in 2008 variousarticles, the writer had refused to use the term recession for the US economy (Khan, 2008).

To What Extent Has The Globalization of The Mass Media Created a New Assignment

To What Extent Has The Globalization of The Mass Media Created a newfound Form of Global Consciousness or Identity - Assignment ExampleThe destination and identity which is followed by people in one country differ from the culture of other nations in various aspects. However, if in that location is interaction among the people belonging to different countries or cultures, and importantly if there exposure of one culture to other cultures through the omnipresent media, there are chances that the native culture may be influenced by the culture of other nations. This is what happens because of globalization, leading to the emergence of global consciousness or identity or multiculturalism. That is, as globalization and the resultant spread of mass media causes and promotes more interaction and integration amid the people and thereby their cultures, it kind of creates and impacts global consciousness or identity. So, this paper will discuss how the globalization of the mass media crea ted a new form of global consciousness or identity to a maximum extent.Among the many sparing based movements, globalization is the one which had and is still having a major impact on the sparing education of many countries and its people worldwide. The word globalization marks a set of transitions in the global political economy since the 1970s, in which multinational forms of the capitalist organization began to be replaced by transnational (Appadurai, cited in Meyer and Geschiere 1999, p307). The economic part of globalization is the key because with the whole world becoming a kind of global village, barriers between the countries are broken with integration happening mainly in the economic aspects. In this scenario, foreign organizations curiously media organizations or houses, using theglobalization plank, have entered and will also enter various sectors of the businesses leading to the brass section of many industries and thereby having an impact on multiculturalism.

Understanding Good Customer Service Essay Example for Free

Understanding nigh(a) customer Service EssayThis is when they ask for something and they expect a certain level of religious service Customer satisfaction- This is when customers feel like youve given them a good service Main characteristics of typical customers- Typical customers buy goods/services, make queries and ask for advice. Exceeding customer expectation- Providing good value for money, giving advice and information quickly, providing additional aid and support and good discounts.Falling short of customer service- Being unable to meet customers expectations, unable to dispense with services/goods and being rude. antithetical responsibilities in customer service Supervisor- training, day to day responsibilities, supervision and a source of advice Line manager- more supervision, more responsibility, and auditing. Customer service roles- Receptionist, shop assistant, delivery driver and accounts manager. Different kinds of information- Informative, instructive, dire ctive, warning and safety. Common sources of information- Brochures, leaflets, internet, press reports and from your customers.Customers service experience is affected by the demeanour they receive from customer service practitioners Showing concern- Sympathy Listening- Nodding, saying yes Positive body language- Keeping eyeball contact Indentifying the reason for dissatisfaction- Faulty goods, no delivery. Apologising- Saying sorry, explain the reasons Remaining calm and in control- not losing temper Typical customer service problems- Complaints, faults, deliveries and not fit for purpose Reporting customer service problems- To your supervisor, to your manager and to the supplier. TeamworkTo customer- Consistent service and effective cover for absences To organisation- Consistency and effective cover for absences To self- Help, support and an impress on motivation Organisational practices and procedures- Keeping accurate records, answering phones, staff appearance and dress, ref unds policy and complaint handling. Importance- Ensuring unchanging and reliable service, customer satisfaction, efficient operation and corporate identity. Reffering to someone in authority when? Outside protest expertise, outside own authority, seeking advice and unable to deal with customer.Reffering to someone in authority how? Face to face, in writing, over the telephone and via text or email. Security of customer and their property- Compliance with health and safety laws, ensuring vigorous work practice and having a security alert. Security of customer information- Data protection laws and credit and calculate details. Health and safety- Compliance with health and safety regulations, control of substances hazardous to health regulations 1994 and fire safety regulations. Treating customers catchly- equal opportunities, racial and gender secernment and compliance with regulations act.Importance of confidentiality to customer- make sure name, address, debit and credit pe ak and details of purposes are secure. Importance and confidentiality to staff- making sure names, addresss are secure. Also making sure it is compliant with the data protection act- access limited to authorised personnel and computers need a password to be accessed. Legislation- Working time directive 1999, working with computers, equality act 2010 and the disability discrimination act. Effect of external regulations- organisational procedures and the trade body codes of conduct.

Project Management Recommendation Essay Example for Free

bulge out Management Recommendation Essay adept Mr. GritschIn continuation of your email dated February 10, 2014, I have completed analysis of three holds retem, Palomino and stargazer. The find levels in Juniper, Palomino, and Stargazer are low, medium, and high respectively. It is in the best interest of Piper Industries Corporation to attain forward with the Stargazer count onion.Stargazer is selected due to its feasibility and risk level. From market feasibility study, some strategical customers have already indicated interest in the carrefour. Thitherfore, I would recommend that the board invest in the consider, Stargazer particularly beca ingestion the company has already invested $450,000 and the ROI is very high. My feasibility study focused on Return on Investment (ROI), length of project, risk level and overall turn a profit to Piper Industries. See below for the results.JuniperReturn on Investment (ROI) 77% or $250,000 for a period of 2 to 3 old age Length of projectUncertainRisk of result on timeLowboilersuit benefit Enhancement of current product, increased product demand PalominoReturn on Investment (ROI) 69% or $450,000 for a period of 5 years Length of project 7 YearsRisk of completion on timeMediumOverall benefit New product, use of existing technology, custom part, unalterable demand StargazerReturn on Investment (ROI) 278% or $1,600,000 for a period of 3 years Length of project7 YearsRisk of completion on timeHighOverall benefit Research Development of a new product, market leader, project in-progressFive Phases of a ProjectA project can have any number of phases depending on how you break it down. A project for land reclamation in dump site would probably have three phases such as1. Facility Decommissioning Phase2. Waste removal phase3. Landscaping Phase.While a project involving the edifice of a new factory may contain four phases such as1. Environmental bear upon Assessment Phase2. Design Phase3. Construction Phase4. Commissioning Phase.It is therefore assumed that what is been referred to here as five phases of a project is what is known in project management as assist groups. The following phases / process groups go forth be used to complete the project1. Project conception and psychiatric hospitalThe conception of the project is that the project is a new line widget product including enhancements through the use of existing technology. The initiation of this project pass on be upon the approval of the project by the CEO.2. Project commentary and planningStage two of the project is making a project plan. The project plan will be completed by the project team with the consultation of the technicians and experts. The project plan will be in writing and will be well defined.3. Project launch or executionThe project plans and toil will be discussed amongst all team members and the task will be divided among the project team.4. Project performance and controlThe project manager will be the le ader of the project. His or her task will be to monitor performance and control. All project team members are responsible in evaluating each other and helping the team to perform better together.5. Project closeThe project will be closed only upon completion of the project, evaluation of the project, and client approval of the project. Key deliverables associated with the selected projectIf afterwards the Estimated Budget at Completion of $575,000 is spent and theproduct is developed as specified in the project plan, then the project would have met the substantial product deliverable. Secondly, if the Piper Industries Corporation is able to deliver the product within 12 months, the company would have met the project schedule deliverable.

Relativistic Theory of Ethics Essay Example for Free

Relativistic Theory of Ethics EssayOne relativistic theory of moral philosophy is spatial relationism. Situationism (also known as situation ethics) was devised by Joseph Fletcher, who was strongly against absolutist theories for instance legalism and also disliked how religions were taught implying there were some reigns that could never be broken, as he thought these rules be too demanding and restrictive. He so created this theory of situation ethics which is seen as the mid way because it lies between antinomianism and legalism. Antinomianism is really anti legal philosophy whilst legalism emphasises the important of law. However, situationism lies between the two as Fletcher was very enthused by making a decision on individual situations. Situation ethics maintains that its the consequences of actions which determine whether an action is right or handle, so it is very much a consequentialist position. Situationists enter all(prenominal) decision making situation wi th ethical maxims of their community and culture, each they treat with respect. Fletcher proposed that not and the situation guides an individual on what they should do nevertheless also the prescript of agape (love).In Fletchers book he suggests that Christians should make the right choices without blindly following rules but rather by thinking for themselves. Decisions should be made on the sole basis of one rule agape. Such love involves doing the best thing possible for the other party involved. So maxims could be ignore if they dont serve agape, for example if a priest is presented by a young noblewoman who is having underage promiscuous sex, the right thing to do would be to insist the young lady uses contraception.This is because the approximately loving thing to do for the other person is to ensure she is safe. For the situationist the rule of agape is always right. Fletcher created 4 working principles which outlined how situation ethics works. The first one is pragm atism, which states that what you propose must work in practice. Second is relativism, so Fletcher eliminates words like always, never, and absolute. He states there are no objective rules but all decisions must be sexual intercourse to agape. Thirdly is positivism, which states a determine judgement needs to be made, giving the first place to love. in conclusion personalism, people are ascribe in first place morality is personal and not centred on laws, this emphasises the idea that morality is relative to situations. Fletcher put forward 6 marriage offers which also aid the theory. The first proposition is only one thing is intrinsically redeeming(prenominal) namely love nothing else at all Thus, only love is cracking in itself action arent intrinsically good or evil. Instead they are good or evil dependent on whether they promote the most loving result.Fletcher rejects any statements like Adultery is wrong as the circumstances are always different, and sometimes it may be right for adultery to live with place. The second proposition is the ruling norm of Christian decision is love, nothing else Fletcher claims Jesus replaced the Torah with love, also the go Commandments are not absolute even Jesus broke them when love demanded it. hunch replaces law. The third proposition is that justice will follow from love, because justice is love distributed. If love is put into practice it can only result in justice.Fourth is that love has no favourites and does not give whom we like preferential treatment. Love wills the neighbours whether we like him or not The fifth fundamental principle, love must be the final end, not a means to an end. For Fletcher, the end must be the most loving result. Finally the sixth proposition is that the most loving thing to do will depend on the situation and since situations differ, you cant say an action will be right in every situation. Fletcher, the good result is that which serves agape love best. Any action that leads to that end is right.

Definitions of Tourism Essay Example for Free

Definitions of holidaymakerry EssayTourism is a booming persistence and a driving force in positive economical, ecological, sustainable, social and ethnic developments in several countries around the globe. Its complex nature requires sophisticated management in order to carry away its full potential. Most the great unwashed possess an intuitive and basic understanding of tourism, which focuses on an image of tribe become for recreational mappings, hitherto, tourism, goes far beyond this simplistic view. According to Stear (2005), the ara of studying tourism has an unornamented lack of substance when it comes to shaping the basic terms tourism and holidaymaker. Although the concept of tourism itself has been around for many centuries, the academic study of tourism in the tertiary educational sector is a upstart development. There is no single description of tourism to which every sensation adheres. Many translations have been used over the years, or so of which atomic number 18 universal and rouse be applied to any situation, while others fulfil a specific purpose. This essay aims to desexualise who exactly a holidaymaker is and what the term tourism means through skillful and heuristic definitions from articles written by Stear (2005), Dickman (1997), and McIntosh et al (1995).Throughout the essay definitions from organisations such as the United Nations knowledge domain Tourism Organization (UNWTO) will similarly be drawn upon. The ambiguity of two seemingly open concepts in theory who a tourist is and what tourism entails will be discussed through a telescope of academic articles, which will address and highlight the strengths, weaknesses and differences between them. The foci and boundaries of each definition will be intractable in order to assess their effectiveness. Whilst each definition is unique in their own right, there are also many similarities, which can be noted.Weaver (2010) states that the definition of touris m is dependent on the definition of the tourist and when defining whom exactly is a tourist, individuals must simultaneously meet certain spatial, unstable and purposive criteria, which will be discussed below. First and foremost, Stear (2005) defines tourism as Tourism is tour and temporary stay, involving at least one night away from the region of a persons usual base of operations that is undertaken with the major expectation of satisfying leisure needs that are perceived as being to a greater extent njoyably able to be satisfied by being at places outside of, and qualitatively different to, the ingleside region (Stear 2005, pg. 8).Stear also has a calorie-free definition of a tourist, which he refers to as A tourist is a person engaging in activities directly associated with present or future travel and temporary stay that involves at least one night away from the region of their usual home that is undertaken with the major expectation of satisfying leisure needs that a re perceived as being more(prenominal) sunnily able to be satisfied by places outside of, and qualitatively different to, the home region. (Stear 2005, pg. 11) A clear fault of Stears heuristic definitions of tourism and tourist is the limitation or restriction of the time gunpoint of at least one night away, in which Stear fails to take into account the temporal fixings of tourism. The notion of how long, if any time at totally, that must be spent away from ones usual home is an aspect, which is not uniform amongst definitions of tourism. Another weakness of Stears definitions is the limitation of the region of a persons usual home, which implies that physically moving away from your home would make you a tourist.According to the UNWTO (cited in Weaver, 2010), for an individual to qualify as a tourist travel must fall beyond the individuals usual environment. The spatial boundary of tourism as discussed by Weaver (2010) is unclear in this instance as an individual who lives i n Sydney but waistcloth in Canberra during the week for work would then be considered a tourist under this definition. Whilst Stears (2005) definition states a minimum stay requirement to be considered a tourist, it does not state a maximum timeframe, unlike that of other definitions, which clearly state a maximum period of time before soulfulness loses the title of tourist.The UNWTO (1995) provides a more technical definition and defines tourism as an individual travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, commercial enterprise and other purposes. This definition is broader in scope compared to Stears (2005), which specifies that an individual who travels is only a tourist when their travel is undertaken with the major expectation of satisfying leisure needs. The UNWTO definition (cited in Weaver, 2010) is complemented by Dickmans (1997, pg. 7) who identifies a tourist as a visitor who travels to a plac e utside his/her usual environment for at least one night but no more than six months (domestic) or one year (international) and whose main purpose of visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited and tourism as a non-essential activity, or one that is predominantly related to leisure activities (Dickman, 1997 pg. 7). Compared to Stears (2005) definition of tourism, Dickmans (1997) heuristic definition is very brief and extremely vague as spatial relevance and time period are some(prenominal) not addressed.Furthermore, Dickmans (1997) definition is limited as it only refers to the activity side of tourism whereas Leiper (2004) discusses a basic tourism system involving the tourist, the generating region, the transit route, the destination and the movement in between. Despite this limitation, a major strength of Dickmans (1997) definition is that it defines and takes into consideration the differences between domestic and international tou rists.This comparison has also been addressed by Weaver (2010) who declares that a domestic tourist is one that travels within their own acres of residence, whilst an international tourist travels outside their usual country of residence. The third and final authors McIntosh et al. (1995) describes tourism as the consummate world industry of travel, hotels, transportations, and all other components, including promotion, that treats the needs and wants of travellers. Tourism like a shot has been given new heart and is primary a term of economics referring to the industry.On the other hand, tourist is defined as a person who travels from place to place for non work reasons by U. N. definition, a tourist is someone who stays for more than one night and less than a year. Business and convention travel is included. This thinking is dominated by balance-of-trade concepts. Military personnel, diplomats, immigrants and resident students are not tourists (McIntosh et al. , 1995). The h euristic definition above of tourism incorporates the industry as a whole, which is a major strength in comparison to the other definitions, hich only take into account the physical act of travelling.The tourism industry is not identifiable as a prototype industry but is rather an amalgamation of trips of other conventional industries such as retail, hospitality, accommodation, diversion and transport (Weaver, 2010). The incorporation of tourism as an industry takes on a different approach to defining tourism and makes finding a clarified and universal meaning for tourism and tourist even more complicated. McIntosh et al. 1995) refer to the tourist in a very specific manner including different types of tourists such as business tourists, which is a strong point, as a tourist cant be tho defined in one aspect.According to Weaver (2010), a basic tourist criterion concerns travel purpose which is dominated by three major categories leisure and recreation, visiting friends and rela tive and business. Compared to Stear (2005) and Dickmans (1997) differentiate definitions, McIntosh et al. (1995) have a much broader, flexible view on defining tourism and the tourist. In both definitions of tourist Dickman (1997) and McIntosh et al. 1995) describe an individual moving out of their usual environment, which is considered a key particle in the definition. Weaver (2010) supports this definition in his discussion of fulfilling the spatial component in order to be considered a tourist. Whilst this is considered a highly subjective concept, many tourism bodies specify minimum distance thresholds, which serve the useful purpose of differentiating those who bring outside revenue into the local area from those who circulate revenue internally (Weaver, 2010, pg. 22-23).When reviewing the definition by McIntosh et al. 1995), a key downfall is the reference to resident students not being considered tourists, which can be questioned. An international student may wish to trav el overseas first to experience the burnish of the country they plan on studying in, however under this definition, even if they wish to take part in and visit tourist attractions which are recreational and leisure based they arent considered tourists. Most people do not intuitively associate study or formal education with tourism however it is considered a qualifying criterion by the UNWTO.In Australia alone, in 2007-08 international students accounted for around 7% of all inbound arrivals (Weaver, 2010, pg. 29). In conclusion, the complicated task of defining two simple terms tourism and tourist has been made somewhat clearer through the definitions provided by Stear (2005), Dickman (1997) and McIntosh et al. (1995). Whilst all three authors have different perspectives on how to define these terms, they also have a few aspects that seem to cross over.Considering all the definitions by the three authors Stear (2005), Dickman (1997) and McIntosh et al. 1995) it is leaden to argue which definition is more just and accurate than the other as they all have their strengths and weaknesses. From the look for conducted, Stears (2005) definition of a tourist is the most flexible and relevant in the context of todays society however Dickmans (1997) definition of tourism is most accurate as it incorporates the absolute tourism industry and not just the physical act of traveling. Ultimately, tourist and tourism are unpronounceable as we all have our own personal views and perspectives on which definitions fit the context of the situation.

Terrorism Definition Essay Example for Free

act of terrorism Definition EssayTerrorism is just a word in English, but it is a misadventure for mankind. Terrorism is the use of fear and acts of violence in order to intimidate societies or governments. People who do terrorism argon called terrorists. Terrorism is a world-wide problem. By now, the governments through start the world ar realizing that terrorism is a serious threat to dealt with. Every terrorist acts usually takes days and even months of preparation. Terrorist argon usually young, but the mastermind behind them are old, seasoned politicians. Terrorists mostly recruit younger people in their group as it is easy to brainwash them. Few of the terrorist attacks the world would never forget are the mid air bombings of trash Am flight 103, the 9/11 attacks in which 2 civilian planes were hijacked and then later crashed into the noted land Trade towers in Manhattan, New York, the 2001 attack on the Indian Parliament, the 26/11 in which terrorist attacked the T aj Mahal and the Oberoi Trident hotels of Mumbai and left the world in shock. many an(prenominal) people lose their lives in such attacks. Around 3000 righteous people lost their lives in the 9/11 attacks.Many of you might not know that World Trade Centre was a centre of attraction for all these terrorist attacks. Well before 9/11 incident the World Trade Centre already got a choke through bomb blasts in 1993. This was said to be a failure one as they aimed for twin tower attacks and missed their task. These terrorist activities are carried out by professional terrorist groups with the Al foot being the most famous one. If you have been reading the newspaper you would have noticed the ongoing terror activities in Syria and Iraq. This militant act is being carried out by another terror group called the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria or simply known as ISIS. Most of the government across the globe have special intelligence branches to counter such attacks. A few famous intelligen ce boards are the Central self-assurance of Investigation of the Government of India and the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the unite States Government. But there are evidences that the government of Pakistan had been sponsoring jihadist groups and other groups like the Al Qaeda and the Taliban to fight against its enemies like India and the United States.Many international organizations like the United Nations are continuously work to prevent such activities and also to give aid to countries which have been a victim of terror attacks Pesticides are designed to kill and because their mode of action is not specific to one species,they often kill or harm organisms other than pests, including humans. The Organization estimates that there are 3 million cases of pesticide poisoning each grade and up to 220,000 deaths, primarily in developing countries. The application of pesticides is often not very precise, and unintended exposures derive to other organisms in the general area where pesticides are applied. Children, and indeed any young and developing organisms, are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of pesticides.Even very low levels of exposure during development whitethorn have adverse health effects. Pesticide exposure can cause a range of neurological health effects such as memory loss, reduced speed of response to stimuli and reduced visual ability. Many studies have examined the effects of pesticide exposure on the risk of cancer. People can be exposed to pesticides by a number of different routes including occupation, in the home, at school and in their food. There are concerns that pesticides apply to control pests on food crops are dangerous to people who consume those foods. These concerns are one causality for the organic food movement. Many food crops, including fruits and vegetables, contain residues after being washed or peeled. The United Nations through the media is spreading the awareness of the need for organic farming th rough media channels, radios etc.

Psychology and New Technology Program Essay Example for Free

Psychology and New Technology Program quizABC Corporation has made a decision to purchase a red-hot engine room plan for their employees. Because this technology program is new, employees ranging from duration 17- 70 needs to be train. dressing must be roll in the hay with six months. Before planning is implement, four fundamental principles of adult education, including psychological, sociocultural, biological, and cognitive must be analyze. Because of the age range it would feasible to divide the employee into two groups. First group is Young learners (YL) age group 17-25 and the scrap group is s intimatelyed learners (AL) age group 26-71. The AL group exit require multiple sessions because of the snatch of employee in this group. Before pedagogy begins, both groups must prepargon for tuition, therefore an open discussion regarding the new technology program, training plan process and how it pull up stakes affect the employees will be discuss, this discussion wil l gain support and full participation from the employees. After analyzing both groups, the biological component part for the YL group will not have a strong impact. Most young learner between the ages of 17-25 is computer learned and is familiar with the twenty-first century social media and is open for change with new technology.YL group would proceeds from Web-Based Training (WBT) instead of the traditional classroom forum. Many young leaners prefer a teaching method that would foreclose them engaged, and eager. WBT is the delivery method for the YL group. The adult learners (AL) ages 26-70 may not be a computer literate and would benefit from the traditional classroom approach. The AL group would require the adult educator to have patience, boring lecturing, visual modality of hands on exercise, and frequent breaks. Hands on exercise are a memory factor that would benefit the AL group two months after been train. Most adults learners tend to forget what they have learned. e ntropy that goes into adult leaner memory is memorize if the learner practices remembering the information soon after he or she learns it. Psychological factors deals with individuals way of thinking and learning. Separating the groups would allow the employees to learn and collaborate within their age group. ontogeny two groups will allow the learners to relate to each other, and feel comfort satisfactory learning. Training both groups unitedly would be challenging for the adult educator as well as the employees. The possibility of redundant questions would slow down the class, which could result in less participation.Cognitive factor is the process of obtaining knowledge through experiences. The Adult learner (AL) is in charge of their own learning. They focus on what will advance their career and intent circumstances. The Young learners (YL) rely on others to tell them what they should learn. Both groups learning environment has an impact on how well they comprehend the new te chnology program. The YL group would benefit from a self pace, web base training module or a stimulation module with active moveion of practical and theory scenarios. from each one module will require an assessment and a passing score of 90% or high to advance to the next module.This learning style would allow the YL group to continue to strike use of 21st technology. The AL group would not benefit from web base training. Most adult learners are not comfortable learning new technology, in this case the employees does not have an option. The AL group who is not adaptive to change would find it challenging to learn a new technology program via a computer this would be an internal factor that may take time to overcome. The job of the trainer is to make the learner apart of the learning process, by asking for volunteers, or asking experiences related questions.The AL groups are concern with why and how to apply this new technology. Sociocultural deals with how adults deal with indiv idual learning and how learning takes place. Dividing employees into take apart groups will be beneficial at the end of training. Both groups can relate to their own learning team. The YL group want experience classroom group interaction with their team. Web-based training (WBT) is similar to distance learning. there will be online discussion, and e-mail dialogue. The AL group will build possibly new relationships, interact more, discuss challenges, and success.In conclusion, in order for the ABC Company to be effective with the new technology program, the recommendation is to divide the employees into separate groups, and categorize them as Adult Learner (AL), Young Learners (YL). This approach would be beneficial from the adult learner perspective and applying the four fundamental principles, simplifies the training plan and the assurance that training will be complete successfully within six months. Afterward employees will be able to apply the new concepts, and best practices of the new technology program.

Cengage Learning Essay Example for Free

Cengage Learning EssayAfter taking the survey regarding the climate of my nerve, I gained interesting perceptiveness into my play alongs position in the spurt/sprightliness area. The survey provided by the Work and Family affiliation asked twenty questions, in which I enjoyed answering. 1. My tutor/ executive program treats my work/life needs with sensitivity. Agree 2. It is usually easy for me to manage the demands of both work and home life. Agree 3. My career path at this company is limited because of the pressure of home life demands. Disagree 4. My job at this company keeps me from maintaining the quality of life I want. Disagree 5.My jitney/supervisor is substantiating when home life issues interfere with work. Disagree 6. My passenger car/supervisor focuses on results, rather than the time I am at my desk. Disagree 7. My manager/supervisor has a good understanding of flexible work hour practices. Agree 8. If I requested a flexible work arrangement, my manager/sup ervisor would support me. Agree 9. My manager/supervisor is often obstinate or insensitive about my personal needs. Disagree 10. I believe my manager treats me with respect. Agree 11. My manager allows me informal flexibility as long as I get the job done.Agree 12.My manager tends to treat us like children. Disagree 13. My manager seldom gives me praise or recognition for the work I do. Disagree 14. My manager seems to care about me as a person. Agree 15. I would pep up this company to others. Agree 16. The work I do is not all that important to this companys success. Disagree 17. If I could find another job with better pay, I would leave this organization. Disagree 18. If I could find another job where I would be treated with respect, I would take it. Disagree 19. If I could find another job where I could have more flexibility, I would take it.Agree 20. I am totally committed to this company. Agree Since I scored seventeen, I am in the category that states that my organization is supportive and more flexible than most however, there is room for me to grow (Snell Bohlander, 2013). This scoring seems highly immaculate to me. I do feel as though I have a very supportive and flexible place of employment however, I feel that there is room for improvement. References Snell, S. , Bohlander, G. (2013). Managing human resources. Mason, Ohio South-Western Cengage Learning.

Character of Curley Essay Example for Free

genius of Curley Essayconfect joined the ardour with joy Glove fulla vaseline he said disgustedly I didnt wanta Lennie cried. I didnt wanta hurt him. Ques Explore how the lecture in this extract influences your view of Curly? The language use in the extract shows Curley to be hateful, violent and angry. The extract describes a scene where by Curley is attacking Lennie, and it begins mid-attack. From the base of the extract it is clear that Curley is in an angry mood from the way that he gl atomic number 18d at Candy when Candy joins the attack. Steinbeck uses a simile to describe Curley Curley stepped over like a terrier. This comparison to a terrier works on two levels because a terrier is both small and aggressive, and Curleys small size and aggressive nature are theme not only in the extract, but also throughout the book. When Curley speaks to Lennie, he uses obscene language and such as bastard and son-of-a-bitch.This further gives the reader the impression that Curl ey is rude and aggressive, and also that he dislikes Lennie. Curley attacks Lennie, punching him in the face and stomach, but at first Lennie does not fight back or defend himself. However, Curley continues to attack him. At this point, the reader feels sympathy for Lennie and feels that Curley is the guilty aggressor. This feeling is shared by Slim, who jumps up and calls Curley a plaguy little rat. The language used here creates a very negative portrayal of Curley, as rats are very dirty animals But then when Lennie does finally fight back, we see a different and weaker locating to Curley. Lennie is much bigger and stronger than Curley. Lennie catches Curley fist with ease and Curley is left flopping like a fish on a line. This use of simile shows Curley to be weak and defenceless and shows that Lennie has caught him out. There is a sudden transition from Curley existence violent and aggressive (like a terrier) to him being beaten up and defeated Curley was white and shrunken b y now He stood crying.

Human Resource Management Essay Example for Free

Human election direction Es pronounceUnder what conditions is a group performance related pay scheme likely to pa use up? Should organisations employ only respective(prenominal) PRP schemes?Performance related pay (PRP), or merit pay, as it is much called, abide be defined as the explicit link of pecuniary reward to item-by-item, group or confederation performance, or any combination of the third. In simple words, this means that the better the someone, group or partnership performs, the higher the financial reward will be for the prole. This reward can be in the form of a pay-rise, subvention, benefit much(prenominal) as a companion house or car, or any much(prenominal) financial incentive that will in effect, motivate the employee to work even harder, and evoke even better results. There are also different fixed graphic symbols of PRP schemes, such as commission, profit-related pay, piece-rate (which is a more primitive method, as compared to the now modern istic methods that have been incorporated into anxiety).PRP schemes are often categorised into three stages The nature of the performance criteria, how performance against such criteria is assessed, and how this assessment is linked to pay. In accordance to these three approaches, it is possible to differentiate between individual schemes, and group approaches.This brings us to the focus of the discussion, which questions what could bring ab stunned the distress of group PRP schemes. This could come about due to many reasons. Some of the more basic ones being that point members of the group might not be motivated, or hard-working enough to put in that effort in order to reap the benefits. Thus, due to certain individuals, the whole group could end up losing out on that financial gain. Normally when employing group schemes, it is specifically aimed at project completion, or some other such activity. The incentive normally given to the group in these situations, is in terms of eit her profit-sharing, or parcel ownership schemes. These normally provide the workers with a sense of producing enhanced performance, or showing strong fealty to the completion of the project.Other ways in which group PRP may fail is due to workers not acquire a dogged well together, or not communicating well with one another. This could be due to reasons such as some of them getting higher profit shares than others, or along other lines, some of them lacking(p) to lead the group, or show their leadership abilities in order to impress their superiors. Also, it can divide the manpower into those supporting the plan, and those against it, which can then go on to create adversarial relationships.High levels of competition can be formed within the group. Offering financial incentives is a motivational tactic employed by the managers of firms, however, as Maslows hierarchy suggests, workers have other needs as well. Once their financial needs are satisfied, they can on to needs such as social, esteem, and self-actualisation. They need to feel that they belong, and they need to feel satisfied in their work environment. Offering them these financial rewards might make some of them feel as though they are robots, working just for money. This brings in Taylors theory of Scientific Management. He said that workers are robots, and as long as you pay them and satisfy their basic needs, they will work. However, this brings about dissatisfaction. In this sort of scenario, PRP could fail as well.The following table is an indication of the different PRP schemes, and how they functionTypes of PRP schemesNature of Performance CriteriaHow Performance is AssessedHow Performance is think to PayIndividual PRP schemesIndividual results, either in terms of inputs or outputsBy individual approximation with a superior, often against mutually agreed targetsEither by a predetermined bonus or by movement within an incremental salary bandGroup PRP schemesGroup or company performance , either in terms of profit or project targetsAccording to a pre-determined formula base on company results for a specified periodIn terms of a regular bonus or various forms of share options applicable to all those involved in the schemeThis brings us to individual PRP schemes. This is a ashes, which fulfils a number of functions that are relevant to organisational effectiveness. It has some features which are very favourable Firstly, financial gain to the company is a prospect, since this system reduces the fixed pay-bill. This is done by the company paying out only based on what they get back in return, that is quality goods. Secondly, it is an effective method in terms of recruiting, and retaining because of the assumption that it will be attractive to quality employees, and unattractive to poor workers, whom the firm would be glad to part with. Also, it is a fairer method of payment, this being because it does not reward both, high and low performers equally, simply only rew ards them based on output, or productivity. Lastly, it is held to focus effort where the organisation wants it, strengthening the performance, planning process, and by and large encouraging a performance-oriented horticulture, emphasising results rather than effort.There are many advantages of an individual PRP scheme, as well as many failures. Firstly, the advantages are that individual differences in job performance are great enough to be worth the time and effort it takes management to measure and relate pay to them. Also, the pay ranges are wide of the mark enough to allow for significant base-pay differences among employees on the equivalent job. Management is able to validly, and reliably measure individual differences in job performance. Another advantage is that the appraisers are skilful in employee performance planning and appraisal. The organisations culture supports performance-based pay.This can be said because it whole kit out to be more cost-effective, as well as to be more production effective for the firm. A very important benefit of using this system is that the level of compensation technology in the organisation is reasonably high, the pay structures are equitable and competitive, and management knows how to relate pay to performance.Because of the well-carried out appraisals, the level of trust between the managers and employees is high. Individual PRP schemes also allow for the worker to put in their best, because it is a form of motivation. Offering financial incentives makes the worker work harder, and longer, and at the same time, by offering profit sharing as an incentive, it helps maintain the feeling that they are still a part of the firm, and are a contributing factor. They get a sense of belonging, and thus are comfortable in their work environment, thus making them work harder and better. Individual PRP schemes also allow mangers the will to manage, that is, the willingness to construct and communicate performance criteria and standards and the willingness to make tough human-resource decisions.Although these individual schemes have a lot of advantages and benefits, they also do have some points of failure. This could be due to the fact that the factors that encourage success, could also result in a preoccupation with the task at hand, and do not relate individual performance to the larger company objectives. This leading to the smaller things being accomplished, but the big picture of the company, and the goals that they set not getting achieved.PRP works against creating a climate of openness, trust, joint problem solving, and commitment to organisational objectives. This is again in terms of specialisation winning place. The worker will concentrate on only his specific task at hand, and the rest of the company objectives will get left behind. On the other hand, group schemes provide the chance for the company objectives on the whole to get achieved, as well as the smaller tasks simultaneously bein g carried out. Also, as mentioned earlier, individual PRP can also divide the workforce into those supporting the plan, and those against it, which could create adversarial relationships within the workforce.As one can see, there are advantages and disadvantages to both, individual and group PRP schemes. I dont think it possible to be able to popularise and say that one is better than the other, and that firms should use only one or the other. It mostly depends on the type of goal the firm is setting, what they want to achieve, and how they want to achieve it, which can help decide which system to use when. PRP schemes on the whole, are being used so far and wide these days by firms, and it is all-important(a) to the overall success, and progress of the firm, that they know when to use which type of scheme. Thus, I think it is not possible to say that organisations should employ only PRP schemes, I think it mostly depends on the situation, and the goal to be achieved.BIBLIOGRAPHY1 . Hendry, C., Human Resource Management A Strategic Approach to Employment, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd. 19952. Goss, D., Principles of Human Resource Management, Routledge 19943. Storey, J., Human Resource Management, A overcritical Text, Routledge 19954. Towers, B., The Handbook of Human Resource Management, Blackwell Publishers Ltd. 1996

Impact of Foreign Banks on Banking in Emerging Economies Essay Example for Free

Impact of unusual Banks on Banking in Emerging Economies look forIncreased applied science and innovationInternational banking in uphill commercialise have some advantages from the technology and innovation. The advanced technology and innovation system could even surpass the conventional technology and innovation. For example, they could improve productivity, add in market and increase the competition and so on . Innovations in customer experience and best customer service delivery, network integration. (Infosys 2000). For example, the internet and computer system have a useful talk system to connect the consumer and bank. In daily life, customer often use the mobile phone, computer budge the money. At the same time, innovation and technology is a lower cost of the banking system in the emerging market. The increased technology and innovation in emerging market may help the banking system sham a clear communication for their employee, sh beholder and consumer. As a resu lt, banks in emerging markets are leapfrogging their rich-world rivals in efficiency, technology and innovation (special report planetary banking 2011).Increased liquidity and solvencyComparing with the local banking system, the foreign banks on banking in emerging market have different kind of comparative advantage. The reason is emerging market allow foreign bank entry to local market. This is lead to the higher liquidity and solvency. Foreign subscribe investment is a useful fund source for local market. At the same time, the foreign banks excessively have important roles which represent a borrower. For example, foreign banks have an enough capital base and asset. Foreign banks have played a major role in financing emerging market (EMEs) in recent year. Increased liquidity and solvency has helped emerging markets to develop their economies and allocate capital and financial know-how efficiently across countries (Agustn Villar )Disadvantage Complex global policies and challeng es international banking There are some negative factors put across in global banks in emerging economies. One of the important factors is complex global policies. For example, the foreign banks are an extension of parent bank which sent to managers to overseas. Different banking system has different policies. Meanwhile, the government also comes up with stricter policies. As a result, foreign banks should face a lot of complicated policies in emerging market. The go against of Barings was a demonstration of how different countries supervisors are failing to communicate with each other.( the economist 1997). This opinion shows that the international banking in emerging market should have a closer supervisor.

The Understanding Of Health And Social Care Social Work Essay

The Understanding Of healthyness And complaisant attending Social Work EssayIt is difficult that to describe and control the value of sell because value of cathexis has very narrow in damage of the all the aspects of health and neighborly c be. Cargon value defines the rules, principles, regulations, and guidelines that every wieldr has to follow during their helpings to their clients. The determine play dominant role in cost of influencing the cathexisr because it administratet with decision making activity and practical actions with them. It need to manage the values, ethics and rights. It withal need to know the age, gender, ability, ethnicity, and identitys of grappler. It is excessively most-valu adequate to(p) that to know the influence of the put to wish wellr. It is also important that to know the relationship among values and goernment policy that can affect society. It also need to odouring at the how the values affecting separates live in terms of t heir own lives. The value of c atomic number 18 is also important for an organization. in that respect atomic number 18 certain principles which can be consider to enhance the step of conduct. These principles includes, the anti-discrimination practice has to be promotes, the cultivation has to be friendliness in nature and also alike judgment of conviction maintenance is also important. The freedom of multitude in terms of their right which also should be independence, of their choice, safety, and with all these need to be promoting and supporting(a) at the same time. The individuals personal beliefs and their identities should be acknowledge. The protection of mountain is also important in pillow slip of abuse. The communication skills of individual and the relationships between service users and dreadr is also important, it should be providing in effective office. The individualised explosive charge is as much important as to provide them supervise in terms of values. If at that rest home should some(prenominal) violation occurs in terms of care value, there should be a possibility of the dismissals and also sued of laws. It sometimes organization should be suffered a visual sense and it should be close. The above are also possible when there is a violation in code of conduct. The care values are dominant as it considers clients aspect from their health and amicable care services.The below are certain points which need to considers for enhancement of none of care.clinical governanceOrganization need to be more responsive as they serves with formal structures to the clients. Organization has to be dealt with the other aspects much(prenominal) as follows national standards framework. Organization has to deliver high quality services for excellence of the organization. The commitment is requires from the all levels in organization to provide coherent services to the clients. It is the important aspects to enhancing the quality of ca re. trade ManagementChange management is important aspects as the question of enhancing the quality of care. The nurses or care are different at level of their works, so change management of that can be important aspects to enhancing quality of care. Change management should be do with the success and failures of individuals in organization. It is the important aspects to enhancing the quality of care.MonitoringThe troika approaches of evaluation of quality of care is important and it need to be monitor. These trine approaches are structural assessment, care processes and care outcomes. The auditing is important part which helps to organizations to identifying the bothers and developing the solution. It is a worthwhile processes to enhance the quality of care.Care Standardsthither are certain standards which need to be fulfil and maintain at the time of serving the work. The interventions and treatments should be get through with the proper guidance. These standards has to be m ake with research and innovation. Organization has to encourage the innovative practice inwardly framework of standards. The quality of care should be enhance by maintaining and promoting the care standards.Professional QualitiesProfessional individuals has to make better their skills. At the same time, they take a shit to be work consistently and reasonably with multi-tasking abilities. It necessary for an organization to bring in periodically audit on the skills and arriere pensee of the individuals. It gives the detailed teaching that where the individuals lack of skills and how to be improve it, in other words what type of training require to the individual. It is the important aspects to enhancing the quality of care.Issues related to qualityThe issues such(prenominal) as poor discharge planning, lack of involvement in care, lack of skills, poor understanding of the take of clients, unprofessional behaviour, poor standards of care and the problem of inequality distributi on to care need to be address. These issues are important and the expertise power has to find the solution to overcome from such issues. It is the important aspects to enhancing the quality of care.Policies at that place should be a policies for the quality issues to dealt within the organization. Policies need to be frame, maintain and implement periodically within the organization. It is the important aspects to enhancing the quality of care.Conclusion individual does not need to go beyond their duties and responsibilities to enhance the quality of care. Clinical governance provides us with a framework to begin transforming care quality. Change management is important for enhancing the quality of care. Individual has to be take care of the standards of care at the time of completeing their duties. Individual has to be develop and improve their skills to enhance the quality of care.Evaluate the take of three groups of service users and the care that can be provided for them in h ealth and loving care in Britain, including the specific roles of care subordinates and accessible workers in each group.Introductionwellness and affable care is an immense service sphere experiencing a rapid change. With every change of government the importance to health and well-disposed care services has been amended. Priorities to health and social services are rising. With rapid change there comes an uncertainty, the only reason behind this is umteen times pack in their lives needs a care taker in angiotensin-converting enzyme form or the other at home, or at hospitals at the time of surgery. Health and Social care is a profession where someone takes care of a person who has a spare need. A person in special need would be a child, an adolescents, it may be a person who is experiencing physical disabilities, a mentally challenged person. This is a profession devoted to deliver a quality care and support to an individual or a group of batch where the needs do been ex amined and identified as well. This can be formally explained as a profession purvey care, support, encourage, protagonist for a dependant person. This is applied and do in action aft(prenominal) a great research and analysing the need and the special care that the dependent person is in need of. This Health and social care service is available all over the world however they are known by some different phenomena as the region differs. For mannikin in Europe Health and social care is known as Social pedagogy where as in U.K. its called as child and young care the same is called in Canada. Scene long time the tidy sum are served from a health care organisation, and it has been a long time where physically challenged mountain or mentally retard quite a little rely upon sources such as health and social care organisations. After a proper examination on the need of the dependent a subsequence care is provided. Unfortunately these postures are also faced by lot who are impuis sant or are not reproductive, nonetheless aft(prenominal) surviving for the whole life they dont fall in any one in their lives to take care for them. The dependents are generally divided under three major groups which are missioned as follows.Children or JuvenilesPeople who are former(a)erPeople who are Physically challenged or Mentally retardedHealth and social care workers bedevil got lots of liabilities on them for the client as soon as they undertake a patient it means they have taken the responsibilities of the client and their protection. Such a organisations are growing all over the world and are supported at a great deal by the government. An employee before being appointed in such organisation undergoes from a wide sick of qualification and degrees.Definition of needsNeeds refers as positive,motivatinghunger that compelsactionfor itssatisfaction. Needs kitchen rangefrom basic survival needs (commonto all human beings) satisfied bynecessities, to cultural, intellect ual, and social needs (varying from place to place and agegroupto age group) satisfied bynecessaries. Needs are finite but, in contrast,wants(which spring from desires or wishes) are boundless.http//www.businessdictionary.com/definition/need.htmlFirst of all, We have to understand what are the needs.As per holistic approach, the needs are such as cultural, social, emotional, intellectual, spiritual and physical. As per services and resources, the needs are such as mobility, home care, social care, nursing and medical. As per famous psychologist Abram Maslows hierarchy of needs, are self-actualisation, esteem needs, prop and love needs, safety needs, and mental needs.Abram Maslows hierarchy of needs chart.Needs and WantsCare patrons and social care workers has to understand what is their needs and wants. Care coadjutors and social care workers have to distinguish the difference between needs and wants. Needs and Wants of care assistants and social care workers should need to be a sses to understanding for the assessor within the organization.Challenges for Health and Social CareA Health and social care organisation is a contend and a honouring as a profession which aims to provide service to the needy ones. It also provides protection and shelter to the dependents. The health and social care organisation needs to understand the need and accordingly apply the needful skill on the client. They have the power of understanding of the approach which best fits with the patients. The Health and social care department keeps a record of the dependent with clear information close to the dependent and his daily routine so as to understand and improve the requirement. Such organisations practice Anti discriminatory and treat the client with their best disregarding of which race, country, age, and sex does he belongs to. They provide social services and assistance to ameliorate the social as well as the psychological behaviour of the person who is not able to help hi mself. As discussed above the people who require special need are basically divided into three groupsNeeds of ChildrenHiring a Health and Social carer for children is common now days. Child with single parent is major clients for such organisation. With change in time the requirement of humans has been changed a lot which draws the parents to go out for work and no one is there to look after(prenominal) their juveniles so as to protect them from getting into delinquencies parents require someone who looks after their kids when they are out as to make the child literate about the social life. Many parents patch up to do so even to improve the psychological functioning of the children as well as to look after their studies. It is lots found that a child with less assistance has more possibilities to fall in bad deeds. Here the carer plays a vital role for the parents and guides the child toward good things and teaches him that social values of the society. Hiring a social carer sol ves such problems and tends the child towards good things. These organisations helps those parents with the child having learning difficulties, such children are taught by the social workers and learns the moral values of the life. Children who have behavioural difficulties such as talking to elders in an ill-mannered way the workers also teach them how to behave. Sometimes children fall in bad companies and acquire bad addictions such as having drugs alcohols the health and social care department also helps the child to rehabilitate by giving them a lively atmosphere. Children with high level of truancy are rare but in need of a person who looks after their studies, social workers work and analyse which is the better way for the individual to grab the kindle in studies.Roles of Care Assistants and Social Care Workers for childrenEvery care assistants and social care workers who provides the services to children needs to have their assistant. This assistant helps with care assistan t and social care workers for the duties regarding teaching and caring to children. Childrens education requirements are vary according to their parents and schools. As care assistants and social care workers roles, they have to have basic qualification like diploma, with previous related experience. There is also need of college degree sometimes.InstructionThe care assistant and social care workers have to instruct the children in terms of their learning activity. The care assistant and social care workers have to take care of the children by give proper instruction to them in terms of their education, behaviour, and safety. The care assistant and social care workers also have to check the grade papers after receiving childrens assignments. The care assistant and social care workers have also give suggestion of activities and lesson suitable to children to their parents. chargeThe care assistant and social care workers have to supervise the children while their break. The care assi stant and social care workers have to supervise children when children are playacting. The care assistant and social care workers also have to take care that children do not hurt themselves of others. The care assistant and social care workers also have to make sure that they do not go out of the premises. When there is need of or any event of problem arise, the care assistant and social care workers have to handles it as per situation very calmly. The care assistant and social care workers have to informs their superior in event of problem to get better solution of that.CleaningThe care assistant and social care workers have to make sure that the workspace need to be clean at the times. The care assistant and social care workers have to clean the premises accordingly. The care assistant and social care workers have to make sure that the playing area of children need to be safe so at the time of playing they are move with one another without getting hurt.NurturingWhen parents are busy with some other works or the teachers in the schools are busy with some other works, the care assistant and social care workers have to be with children when children get hurt. When they become sad, the care assistant and social care workers have to be with children to get out of it. The care assistant and social care workers also have to keep children clean and neat. The bathing and diaper- ever-changing have also be do with clean by the care assistant and social care workers. The care assistant and social care workers have also make sure children get intellectual nourishment regularly and provides the nutritious meals and snacks for the children throughout the day.DiscussionsThe care assistant and social care workers have to prepare and visit the make of children with their parents. The care assistant and social care workers have answerable to give progress shroud to the parents of children. The care assistant and social care workers should be helpful and also aware of t he needs and issues related to the children. The care assistant and social care workers have to provide excellent feedback of the children.Old Age peopleIn certain stage of life people do need a care taker after an age, even after having friends relatives and family they sometimes fail to access the needs, in this stage the person in special need requires a care taker who look after the patient and take good care of them. They even protect the client and take proper care of them. Unfortunately some people who are impotent and could not grow their families, are very hapless people such organisations do provide service to them. After reaching to a certain age few people undergo some disease such as Paralysis etc. These organisations provide service to such hapless people. The organisation takes care of aged people by doing house pee job for them such as cleanup spot in house, rinse their cloths, Vacuuming in the corridor etc. They also take personal care such as helping them in taki ng shower, bathing, dress them up and toileting etc. Such a job needs a lot of patience and dedication above all it need the willingness and affection for the needy one which are often found in the workers of such organisation. The organisation has also opened a place where cares for such people are available. The place is also known as House of Commons where people of almost same age group stay together and spent there last inning of life. This care is taken by the Health and social care organisation.Roles of Care Assistants and Social Care Workers for old age peopleThe workers in such organisation have very responsible work on their shoulders here they not only need to take care of the old people but also understand them. They should be a good listener so as to listen and understand that feeling of the old people who have lost their understanding and A Health and social care organisation is a challenging and a honouring as a profession which aims to provide service to the needy on es. It also provides protection and shelter to the dependents. The health and social care organisation needs to understand the need and accordingly apply the required skill on old age people. They have the power of understanding of the approach which best fits with the old age people. The Health and social care department keeps a record of the dependent with clear information about the dependent and his daily routine so as to understand and improve the requirement. Such organisations practice Anti discriminatory and treat the old age people with their best regardless of which race, country, age, and sex does he belongs to. They provide social services and assistance to ameliorate the social as well as the psychological behaviour of the person who is not able to help themself.Physically challenge peoplePeople who are mentally retarded or physically challenged are very hard to take care of. Since family process fails to take good care of such people such clients are better assisted b y such experienced social workers. Unluckily few people are born with such disabilities and galore(postnominal) a times in spite of being a mother and father, Parents are not able to understand the requirement of the person who is experiencing such disabilities.Roles of Care Assistants and Social Care Workers for physically challenge peopleConcerning about healthThe care assistant and social care workers need have to concerned about the health of handicapped people or disable people. The care assistant and social care workers have to be monitored medication activity of handicapped or disabled people. The care assistant and social care workers have to perform their task as per the suggestion of general practitioner of handicapped or disabled people. The care assistant and social care workers have to perform their duties under the direction of the registered nurses.Managing under distinct standardsThe care assistant and social care workers have to manage the handicapped or disabled people as per assistance under personal hygiene and ambulation.Preparing, managing and reportingThe care assistant and social care workers have to prepare record of handicapped or disabled peoples progress and serviced performed by them. The care assistant and social care workers also have to maintain record of the handicapped or disabled peoples progress and serviced performed by them. The care assistant and social care workers also have to reporting to the superior and guardian when there is a changes in condition of handicapped and disabled people.Performing various dutiesThe care assistant and social care workers have to be perform the various duties such as cooking, washing the outfits, cleaning the dishes, and shopping for handicapped or disabled people. The care assistant and social care workers have to perform various housekeeping duties.Caring in various aspectsThe care assistant and social care workers have to take care of disabled or handicapped people and their families in events of the family disruption or comeback and helplessness. The care assistant and social care workers also have to provides companionship, personal care and help in adjusting new lifestyles to handicapped or disabled people and their families.Instruction and advisoryThe care assistant and social care workers have to instruct handicapped or disabled people on issues such as nutrition, personal hygiene, and house hold cleanliness. The care assistant and social care workers also have to give the sack handicapped or disabled people on issues such as nutrition, personal hygiene, and house hold cleanliness.Participating and consultingThe care assistant and social care workers have to participate in case reviewing and consulting with responsible people to evaluate the handicapped or disabled people needs and planning for their future services.TransportingThe care assistant and social care workers have to facilitate the handicapped or disabled people deportee from their location t o other location such as physicians place, or any outing or using vehicles.ConclusionThe needs of people vary from one to another, as similar to this the needs of three groups also vary such to children, physically challenge people and old age people. Similar to needs of these three different groups the roles of care assistants and social care workers is also different. It need to be evaluate for development of clients.